Country Profiles
This section of SteelOnTheNet provides independent, in-depth profiles of national steel industries — covering the major producing and consuming nations that together account for over 95% of world steel output. Each profile is a standalone reference document for the country's steel sector, structured consistently to allow direct comparison across markets.
The profiles draw on data from the World Steel Association, BIR, USGS, national industry associations, company reports, and proprietary analysis. They are updated as significant changes occur — new capacity, ownership events, policy changes, and shifts in trade flows — and are cross-referenced with SteelOnTheNet's wider market data resources.
What Each Profile Covers
Published Country Profiles
China
The dominant force in global steel. Baowu, HBIS, Ansteel, Shagang, Jianlong. BF–BOF dominated; EAF transition underway. Structural overcapacity; export surge; Belt & Road overseas investments.
View China profile →
India
Rapid capacity expansion. JSW Steel, Tata Steel, SAIL, AMNS India. Predominantly BF–BOF; 300 Mt capacity target by 2030. Low per capita consumption; infrastructure-driven demand growth.
View India profile →
Japan
Premium flat products; 100% ore and coal imported. Nippon Steel (now owns US Steel), JFE, Kobe Steel. Structural demand decline; BF rationalisation; COURSE50 hydrogen programme. Major scrap exporter.
View Japan profile →
United States
70% EAF dominated. Nucor, Cleveland-Cliffs, US Steel (Nippon Steel), Steel Dynamics, CMC. Section 232 tariffs; Danieli ECR micro-mill programme; world’s largest scrap exporter.
View USA profile →
Türkiye
EAF/scrap-based model. Erdemir/İsdemir (Oyak), Tosyalı (Algeria), Kardemir, Çolakoğlu, İçdaş. World’s largest seaborne scrap importer; leading long products exporter; EU CBAM exposure.
View Türkiye profile →
Egypt
EAF and DRI–EAF routes; rebar-dominated. Ezz Steel (market leader), Alexandria National Steel (Saudi-owned), Hadisolb. Structural overcapacity; currency-suppressed scrap imports; flat product gap.
View Egypt profile →
United Kingdom
Tata Steel Port Talbot (EAF under construction), British Steel Scunthorpe (government special measures), Celsa Cardiff. 100% foreign-owned capacity; ~70% import dependent; major scrap exporter.
View UK profile →
Germany
thyssenkrupp Steel (ownership unresolved), Salzgitter (SALCOS DRI programme), ArcelorMittal Bremen & Eisenhüttenstadt. Energy cost crisis; Chinese import pressure; EU CBAM. Deep BF–BOF-to-DRI–EAF transition underway.
View Germany profile →
Italy
70% EAF-based; Arvedi, Feralpi, Beltrame, Pittini. Taranto BF–BOF complex mired in environmental and ownership crisis. Europe’s largest scrap importer; major re-rolling and tube sector; high energy costs.
View Italy profile →
Canada
ArcelorMittal Dofasco, Cleveland-Cliffs (Stelco), Algoma Steel (EAF transition complete). Devastated by 50% US Section 232 tariffs from 2025; Ontario automotive sector under pressure; all primary capacity foreign-owned.
View Canada profile →
Australia
BlueScope Port Kembla (BF–BOF), Whyalla Steelworks (in administration; A$2.4Bn rescue), InfraBuild (EAF). Net steel importer despite dominant iron ore position. Green steel hub potential in Western Australia.
View Australia profile →
Ukraine
Metinvest (AMKR, Kamet, Zaporishstal), ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih. Azovstal and Mariupol plants destroyed/seized. Coking coal 100% imported since Pokrovsk mine closure; CBAM applied without force majeure exemption.
View Ukraine profile →A comparative analysis of the structural strengths and weaknesses of all 12 profiled steel industries — production rankings, key competitive advantages, principal vulnerabilities, and strategic outlook for each country, with WorldSteel 2024 data.
Steel Industry Strengths & Weaknesses by Country →About These Profiles
Each country profile is a structured reference document produced by Dr Andrzej M Kotas and the SteelOnTheNet research team. The content follows a consistent architecture across all profiles, enabling direct cross-country comparison — a feature particularly valued by investors, consultants, and procurement teams active across multiple markets.
The profiles are updated as significant developments occur: new capacity commissions, major ownership changes, trade policy shifts, and material revisions to demand or production data. Production data is cross-referenced against World Steel Association statistics; scrap trade data against BIR (Bureau of International Recycling) full-year reports; company figures against WorldSteel Top 50 and annual reports.
Methodology note: Country-level output and installed capacity figures use the installed-in-country definition (all steelmaking located within the country, regardless of ownership). Where producers have significant overseas operations, these are separately documented in a cross-border operations table within each profile.